Kristallnacht in Words and Photographs

Kristallnacht survivors share their recollections of the day the Holocaust began Centropa.org, dedicated to preserving the memory of Jewish life in Central Europe Nazis
Hulton / Getty

No Going Back
Many historians believe that the attacks of November 1938 were planned ahead of time. Though beatings and harassment of Jews were not uncommon before then, on that night they suddenly became the order of the day. Historian Max Rein notes, "Kristallnacht came...and everything was changed."

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