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In the U.S., meanwhile, policymakers are divided on the proper response to India's arms buildup. Says the University of Illinois's Stephen P. Cohen, a leading U.S. scholar on South Asian security issues: "A strong India could act as a regional stabilizer, and this would be in the U.S. interest. But an India that is a regional bully threatening China or Pakistan would not be in American interests." Until India makes its long-term intentions clear, the U.S. and other countries are likely to continue to prepare for either possibility.