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Lederberg expects his no-return lab to reach the moon about 1964; a more sophisticated package of life-seeking instruments should be landed on Mars about 1967. The worried geneticist is especially pleased to hear from the space blacksmiths that manned, two-way journeys even to the moon will be unlikely for at least a decade. By the time the first human starts home from Mars, the earth's biologists should know enough about Martian life to keep it from damaging life on the home planet.