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22. TANGANYIKA (Br.) Pop.: 9,404,000. Size: 362,688 sq. mi. Literacy: 15%. School attendance: 40%. College graduates: 50 plus. Christians: 50%. First university now open. Critical school shortage; over 1,000 new teachers yearly. Witchcraft, female circumcision common.
Political parties: 3. Voters: 85%. Statesmanlike Julius Nyerere's monolithic Tanganyika African National Union Party is making big effort to teach principles of self-government. Nyerere has resigned from government but retains dominant influence.
Exports: Sisal, cotton, coffee. Per capita income: $55. U.S. aid (1961): $4,300,000. Less than one-third of vast land is usable. Disease is rampant. Government is pro-Western, hopes for federation with Kenya and Uganda when they win independence.
23. KENYA (Br. colony) Pop.: 7,000,000. Size: 224,960 sq. mi. Literacy: 50%. School attendance: 75%. College graduates: 400 plus. Christians: 15% ( + 15% nominal). LInder British, who expect to grant once Mau Mau-ridden colony freedom by 1964, Kenya is spending one-sixth of budget on education. Its Kamba witch doctors are famed.
Political parties: 7. Voters: 80%. From long constitutional wrangling, urban population is steeped in theory of self-government, but country is still split between Jomo Kenyatta's Kenya African National Union (KANU), representing two biggest tribes, and Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU), supported by pastoral tribes.
Exports: Coffee, sisal, meat. Per capita income: $96. U.S. aid (1961): $2,100,000. Communist infiltration may increase with independence, but U.S. has won high esteem through famine relief. Main problems: replacing 4,000 European civil servants; settling Africans on land, healing tribal schisms.
24. UGANDA (Br. protectorate) Pop.: 6,597,000. Size: 93,981 sq. mi. Literacy: 40%. School attendance: 50%. Christians: 38%. Only 3,845 secondary school students. Most Ugandans consult witch doctors. Despite high murder rate (800 yearly), ritual killings rare.
Exports: Coffee, cotton, copper. Per capita income: $68. U.S. aid (1961): $200,000. Rich land has no white-settler problem, with independence in October, will have moderate, pro-Western government. Major problem: lack of cohesive, national outlook.
Political parties: 2. Voters: 66%. British have largely governed through four tribal kingdoms, whose peoples still owe allegiance to tribe rather than nation, vote as leaders tell them but are accustomed to democratic debate.
25. SUDAN (Br. & Egyptian)Pop.: 12,100,000. Size: 967,500 sq. mi. Literacy: 5%. School enrollment: 318,000. College graduates: 200 plus. Christians: Less than 2%. Moslems: 80%. Strongman Ibrahim Abboud seeks unified Moslem state. Few savage practices.
Political parties: No elections since 1958. Parliamentary democracy was suppressed by military regime in 1958, two years after independence. Benevolent dictatorship faces mounting opposition, but its reforms could provide basis for full democracy.
Exports: Cotton, gum arabic. Per capita income: $95. U.S. aid (1961): $9,400,000. Africa's biggest country has made impressive economic gains, with foreign aid. Regime unlikely to step down before Seven Year Development Plan ends in 1969.