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33 & 46. In 1938 Economist Wallace Cunningham, who entertained the notion that the plays had been written by a group of Rosicrucians and Freemasons, including Bacon, sent a book to Doubleday, Doran purporting to prove that the plays contained hidden stories (e.g., "The Asse Will Shakespeare . . . beares sland'rous tales to Hatton"). Doubleday sent the book to Cryptologist Friedman, who used Cunningham's own "Masonic Code" to get the message: "Dear Reader, Theodore Roosevelt is the true author of this play, but I, Bacon, stole it from him."
Meanwhile, the onetime president of England's Bacon Society, Frank Woodward, tried to prove his case through numerology. Assuming that A equals one and B equals two, etc., he added BACON up to 33, found it "very significant" that in one passage of Part I of Henry IV in the First Folio, the name Francis appears 33 times. Another numerologist noted that SHAKESPEAR has four vowels and six consonants. He then turned to the 46th Psalm, declared that the 46th word from the beginning was SHAKE and the 46th from the end was SPEAR. His conclusion, according to the Friedmans: "Since Shakespeare wrote the Psalms, and Shakespeare was not the real Shakespeare, the Authorized Version must show the hidden hand of Francis Bacon."
In dealing with these various theories, the Friedmans more than once use the methods set forth to prove that William Friedman himself wrote the plays (e.g., in attacking one favorite numerological theory, they show that WM. FRIEDMAN and FRANCIS BACON both equal 100). Through a meticulous study of Elizabethan printing methods, combined with a whole series of highly technical cryptological checks, they also demolish the theories of the late Elizabeth Gallup, who in the '20s and '30s attracted a large following among Baconians. So far as cryptology is concerned, conclude the Friedmans sternly, Shakespeare is still Shakespeare. "We suggest that those who wish to dispute the authorship of his plays should not in future resort to cryptographic evidence, unless they show themselves in some way competent to do so."