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De Gaulle seemed to be calling for a somewhat modified form of the classical gold standard when he ambiguously recommended "complementary and transitory measures" to accompany it. Nonetheless, there was no doubting his intention: to promote his drive to reduce U.S. economic, military and cultural influence abroad.
Under a gold standard the U.S. would no longer be able to pay its foreign debts in dollars, but only in gold. U.S. businessmen would have to curtail their investments in foreign companies. (De Gaulle last week called such U.S. investments "a form of expropriation"). Until the U.S. balanced its payments in gold, American consumers would also have to reduce their purchases of foreign goods. Reason: since dollars would no longer be as good as gold, they would be cashed in abroad for gold as soon as spent. The U.S. would immediately become less potent in world economic affairs because, though it has twice the gross national product of the Common Market nations, it holds scarcely more gold than the Six.
Stern Discipline. Conscious no doubt of the irony involved in his unneighborly attack, De Gaulle christened his plan the "Golden Rule." What could be said for his proposal? The value of money would be guaranteed by the immutability of gold. In theory, the world monetary system would become more stable, less vulnerable to crises of confidence. By tying the money supply to gold, the system would prevent overspending. In the U.S. and Britain, which now can pay their deficits out of their own currencies, it would impose a stern fiscal discipline, curb deficit financing and do away with many of the excesses that lead to inflation and recessions. Among other things, it would force the U.S. to eliminate its balance-of-payments deficit quickly, by hook or by crook.
To counter criticism that the system would also paralyze international trade because of the global shortage of gold, champions of the gold standard advocate another step that they consider necessary: to double or triple the $35-an-ounce price of gold, thus vastly increasing the monetary reserves that finance world trade.
For the present at least, most of the world's leading economists, money managers and financiers believe that this golden future, however desirable in theory, is nearly impossible to achieve in practice. After De Gaulle's press conference, British and West German government leaders said that they took a dim view of a return to the gold standard. The U.S. Treasury declared that the scheme would produce economic warfare: nations would demand that their foreign debtors pay off fully and immediately in gold—and many countries would not have enough gold to go around. Many nations would then have to embargo gold, raise tariffs, restrict trade. At a recent meeting in Bellagio, Italy, 30 of the world's top 32 international economists opposed a return to the gold standard.