(2 of 2)
A member of the "Mainstream" Trotskyite faction, Aruga is far out politically. Though currently allied with the Socialists and Communists, he expects eventually to fight them both. Why? Because they, just like the capitalists, are "enemies of peace, democracy and student freedom." What is needed, says Aruga, are "people's revolutions in all countries" to overthrow "corrupt" rulers. Once that has been done, people are so innately good, he says. that they will require only "minimum control by government." Except for the fact that nuclear war would "lead to humanity's end," Aruga would applaud a death struggle between the West and Communism—it would simply be a "futile struggle between different sorts of bureaucrats."
Sanzo Nozaka, 68, chairman of the Japanese Communist Party. A trim, dapper theoretician who learned his Marxism in Moscow, Nozaka was educated at Tokyo's Keio University, joined the Reds during a 1920 visit to Britain, where he studied under Clement Attlee at the London School of Economics. Deported, he returned to Japan and was in and out of jail until 1931, when he fled to Russia with his wife and became an executive member of the Comintern. In 1943. Nozaka was sent to join Mao Tse-tung in the Yenan caves as an adviser; at war's end he started back to Japan in a U.S. military transport plane. He was purged by General Douglas MacArthur for agitating against the Korean war, went underground, and surfaced again in 1956.
Quiet, tenacious and coldly intellectual, Nozaka prefers to stay in the background and strives to keep the Communist Party offstage as well. On occasion, when public opinion has turned hostile to too much violence, he has urged the Japanese Communist Party to strive to be "lovable." In the anti-Kishi, antiAmerican agitation, the Communists have supplied money (cost of the riots: an estimated $1,400,000), direction and organizing ability, but have cannily let the Socialists, Sohyo and the Zengakuren crackpots take the vocal lead.