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Excerpts: "Beginning with the Fleming valve and the Coolidge X-ray tube, we now have an enormous variety of [electronic] tubes for radio sending, detection and amplification, electric power control or conversion from AC to DC or vice versa, lighting devices, sunshine meters, oscillographs. ... I take particular pleasure in mentioning these practical values, for even the most unimaginative and shortsighted, hardheaded, practical businessman is forced to admit the justification for the pure re-search—of no preconceived practical use whatever in the minds of those who led in its prosecution." Bovine Brains. After thorough study of the manners and aptitudes of 72 horses, 48 cows and eleven sheep, Miss Pearl Gardner of Cornell University's Agricultural School declared her belief that cows are smarter than horses. Horses, she said, trust man more than any other domesticated animal, respond instinctively to human guidance and are good at the more mechanical forms of learning, but frequently behave in ways which do not redound to their own benefit. "Cows," she continued, "catch on to things quicker, remember better. And strangely enough the cows that give the most milk are the smartest of all cows. But polo ponies make the same mistakes that draft horses do. And sheep, despite their timidity, can be taught tricks, such as taking a handkerchief out of your pocket, rolling a barrel, and shaking hands, just as easily as a horse."