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On Molokai is the leper colony (450), carefully isolated. Maui, like all the islands, is rich with pineapples and sugar.
Hilo (pop. 18,000) is the chief city of Hawaii proper. Ranching in the old-west ern style thrives on the grassy Hawaiian uplands. Near Hilo is the biggest Hawaiian ranch, "Sam" Parker's (cattle, sheep; $600,000 per annum income). Southward rises Kilauea, home of Goddess Pele. whose volcanic antics are kept under careful observation by Dr. Thomas Augustus Jaggar of the U. S. Geological Survey.
Races. The territory's total population is now some 350,000. Caucasians, though constituting only one-tenth of the populace, dominate. There is no "race problem," largely because there has been much intermarriage and "the colors have run." Besides 20,000 Hawaiian full-bloods there are some 25,000 half-castes. Largest pure racial group are 135,000 Japanese, of whom 83,000 are U. S. citizens. Japan once planned to annex Hawaii by intensive colonization, but U. S. immigration laws checked that. In Hawaii, the Japanese are called "the Jews of the Pacific" because of their ability, eagerness, tenacity at acquiring the characteristics and culture of another people. Most of the work on the sugar and pineapple plantations is performed by Filipinos (60,000 on the island) and Chinese (25,000).
Contrary to popular belief, "Hawaiian music" is not a pure racial product. Natives invented the rhythm, foreigners the melodies. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin, taken to the islands by early settlers and now manufactured, chiefly in California, for export to Hawaii.
Families. Judd is but one of several dominant names in Hawaii. Other U. S. missionaries had descendants who have maintained the Islands' spirit and tradition in an extraordinary way while growing rich in sugar and other trade. The most widely advertised name today, that of James D. ("Jim") Dole, belongs to a second cousin of First Governor Dole. "Jim" Dole did not reach the Islands until 1899 to make his fortune in pineapples and become a headliner by giving prizes for trans-Pacific aviation. Other famed Hawaiian names are Alexander, Baldwin, Castle, Cooke (not descendants of Captain Cook), Dillingham, Thurston. Waterhouse.
Lorrain A. Thurston, publisher of the Honolulu Advertiser, was one of the commissioners who brought about the final annexation of the Islands to the U.S.
William R. Castle Jr. is Assistant Secretary of State at Washington.
Walter F. Dillingham's father built the narrow-gauge railroad that loops around Oahu, connecting its sugar plantations. As the head of the Oahu Railway & Land Co.. and multifarious other interests, son Dillingham is No. 1 Tycoon of the Islands.
Aged 54 years, 6 ft. 3 in. tall, a man of strong and striking demeanor, Tycoon Dillingham has five homes on Oahu: 1) a copy of a Medici palace with open court; and pool on Diamond Head; 2) A copy of a Japanese home which was brought overseas piece by piece, including rocks and moss for decoration, at Waikiki; 3) A mountain home high up on the Punchbowl; 4) A cottage at Pearl Harbor, for sailing; 5) A million-dollar ranch for fine; horses and huge houseparties. So open-handed is