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Shrewdness was unnecessary. He continued, in all his business relations, a policy of lofty deference. Money could not alter his fibre; it merely offered him an opportunity to show his principles. He gave enormously to schools, churches, hospitals. When Vanderbilt University renounced Methodism to get a million dollars from Andrew Carnegie, he gave $2,000,000 to start the University of Atlanta. "The work of higher education," he said, "is not going to be surrendered to secularism. . . . To that Church at whose altars I receive the Christian gospel and sacraments, upon which surely I depend, I may safely entrust the things I possess."