The atmosphere in the Norway Suite of Oslo's Scandinavia Hotel was tense. The occasion: a press conference for Cardiologists Dr. Bernard Lown of the U.S. and Dr. Yevgeni Chazov of the Soviet Union, co-chairmen of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, the group that won this year's Nobel Peace Prize. Journalists were haranguing Chazov for having signed a 1973 letter that attacked Andrei Sakharov, the dissident Soviet physicist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. Suddenly, a Soviet television reporter collapsed onto the floor.
Lown and Chazov tore off their suit jackets, sprang from the podium and, along...