Universities: The Drive for Doctorates

Until recently, the doctor's degree struck most Americans as pedantic claptrap. The Ph.D. was only academe's union card: a German import, first earned by three Yalemen in 1861. Few envisioned a day when it might become vital to the entire U.S. economy. That day is here. By 1960, Columbia Sociologist Bernard Berelson reported that Du Pont employed more Ph.D.s than Yale or Harvard, General Electric twice as many as Princeton, the Federal Government as many as the nation's top ten universities. And this is only the beginning. For every Ph.D. that it...

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