THE MOON: THE PIONEERS

RUSSIA’S Konstantin Eduardovitch Tsiolkovsky (left) never built a rocket, but by 1898 he had worked out the basic principles of rocket dynamics. America’s Robert Hutchings Goddard (right) launched the world’s first liquid-fuel rocket in 1926 and patented 214 devices and parts, most of them essential to the operation of modern rocket engines. Germany’s Hermann Oberth (center) popularized the idea of space travel as a real possibility in his 1923 bestseller The Rocket into Planetary Space, and his writing helped inspire Germany to early prominence in the field.

Tsiolkovsky and Goddard are dead. Oberth, now 75 and living quietly near Nürnberg on a meager pension, has mixed feelings now that his lifelong dream is about to come true. “Sometimes I feel like an unmusical person who attends a concert and doesn’t really understand what seems to excite everybody,” he says. “On other occasions I feel like a mother goose who has hatched a brood and now, somewhat perplexed, watches the flock going off into the water. It is only very rarely that I have the satisfaction that everybody believes I ought to feel.”