After five years of hard work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, David Ernst, 26, will get his Ph.D. in August and emerge as one of the best-trained young physicists in America. Unfortunately, that may not be enough to assure him job security in his field. When Ernst recently sought a post at Ohio's Heidelberg College, which was looking for a physics teacher to enlarge its four-man department, he might have expected little trouble in landing it. But this year, despite his impeccable credentials, Heidelberg turned him down. There were 361 inquiries about the job.
All over the U.S., a chronic shortage...