In Rome last week Rodolfo Graziani, once a field marshal of Italy, stood nervously before a military court. Twitching his thin lower lip and fingering a monocle, the Fascist conqueror of Ethiopia heard a fellow officer declare him guilty of military collaboration with the Germans during World War II. The admiral and four generals who made up the court rejected Graziani's proud plea that he had simply done a soldier's duty. Graziani, they decided, had gone well beyond the call of duty when he joined Mussolini's German-supported rump government after Italy surrendered to the Allies in 1943.
The presiding general said, however,...
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