When American Businessman John R. Thompson, 50, was kidnaped by Argentine guerrillas in Buenos Aires last month, the ransom demanded was staggering: a record $3,000,000, to be paid by Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., his employers. Almost equally astounding was the ease with which the transfer was accomplished. Thompson was released in good condition last week, shortly after the guerrillas collected their ransom in cash by coolly calling for it in precisely the proper vehicle−an armored car.