For two solid years, Dr. Perry Molinoff and his colleagues methodically tinkered with a couple of molecules they had identified the old-fashioned way--by testing tens of thousands of compounds on cultures of growing cells. Among other things, they adjusted certain structural features to reduce the chance that the molecules would cause gastric distress and to increase the likelihood that they would cross over the blood-brain barrier. And all the while, they checked and rechecked to make sure that during this biochemical shuffling they did not lose the key property that made these particular molecules potentially so valuable: their ability to block...
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