Hard as it is for Earthlings to imagine, astronomers have known for some time that the universe is expanding. They've never been able to figure out, though, whether it will balloon outward forever or slow under the combined gravity of its 100 billion galaxies, stop and fall back in on itself. Thanks in large part to Adam Riess, they're a lot closer to an answer--and it's not what they expected.
Riess was only 25 when he joined a prestigious group of scientists who set out in 1995 to measure what was expected would be a post-Big Bang cosmic slowdown. The idea...
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