With their monotonous rows of eyeglass frames, optometrists' offices used to be about as exciting as barbershops. These days, though, many eyeware outlets look like a cross between Romper Room and a video arcade. Colorful blocks, spinning charts, precarious balance beams and computerized gizmos with flashing lights all vie for the eye's attention. The games and gadgetry are the tools of "vision therapy," an increasingly popular but controversial program that aims at making the eye as quick as the hand through exercise and training.
Although medical experts are skeptical about the effectiveness of vision therapy, hundreds of thousands of Americans have...