Green parks beckoned to picnickers; yellow Lake Erie beaches glittered with summer sun. At Municipal Stadium the first-place Indians turned out for baseball. But Cleveland seemed not to notice. Attendance at the ballpark dropped from a normal 30,000 to 11,000; business at parks and beaches dwindled to a standstill. The city was otherwise occupied. At schools, police stations and fire houses, thousands queued up for the privilege of swallowing sugar cubes impregnated with drops of Sabin oral polio vaccine.
For weeks the campaign slogan "SOS —Sabin Oral Sunday" had been hammering the city. Bus drivers wore SOS badges. Newspapers carried front-page exhortations...