Education: Why Ivan and Tanya Can Read

Six days a week: drill, drill and still more drill

At General Education School No. 402, in the Perovsky district of eastern Moscow, 30 fourth-grade pupils rise to their feet when their teacher enters. Respectfully, they address him as Alexei Grigoryevich, using his first name and patronymic. The pupils, who wear uniforms (brown frocks and orange neckerchiefs for girls, blue jackets with shoulder tabs for boys), remain standing until their presence is acknowledged by the teacher, a short, bald man in his 50s. Then he turns brusquely to business.

"What do the words...

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