ANGOLA: A Brief Ceremony, A Long Civil War

In a deafening barrage of automatic weapons fire, independence came to Angola at midnight last Monday after nearly 500 years as a Portuguese colony. The territory's new beginning as an independent state was inauspicious: the liberation movements that have been fighting for control of Angola (TIME, Nov. 17) promptly set up two rival republics, each with its own government and capital. Faced with these opposing claims, the last Portuguese high commissioner, Admiral Leonel Cardoso, refused to turn over authority to anyone. "I regret that it is not possible for me to participate...

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