It is all too common for school systems to administer IQ tests and then confine the low scorers to "special" classes for the mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed. In San Diego, attorneys representing 20 black and Mexican-American student plaintiffs argued that the city's Unified School System had no right to make such placements on the basis of standard IQ tests designed for white middle-class students. Retesting by an outside psychologist indicated that all but two of the children were actually of at least average intelligence and the exceptions were borderline cases. The school district did not admit fault, but it did...
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