In five years of bloody rebellion against France, Algeria's rebels have pitted their ill-equipped guerrilla bands against an army of half a million men armed with everything from flamethrowers to jets. In compensation, the rebels have relied heavily and successfully on a moral weapon: the 20th century's prevailing anticolonialism. Last week, to their public confusion, the rebels found themselves for the first time at a moral disadvantage.
By offering Algeria a free choice of three alternatives—independence, integration with France, or home rule under France's wing—France's President Charles de Gaulle had conceded the...