WESTERN EUROPE
With its classic respect for pure science and its fondness for academic titles, Europe was long the greatest repository of research for the world's industries. But its crown has slipped since World War II. Of 40,000 patents granted in France last year, only 16,000 went to Frenchmen and the rest to foreigners, notably Americans. The West Germans, by latest count, spend $111 million a year more in fees to use foreign licenses than they collect from their own licenses abroad. Italy's University of Pavia found that less than one-third of 965 companies it surveyed engaged in any research at...
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