National Affairs: TOWARD OPEN SOCIETIES

Iron Curtains Bestow Advantages, But So Does Freedom

The Anglo-American relies upon personal interest to accomplish his ends, and gives free scope to the unguided strength and common sense of the people; the Russian centers all the authority of society in a single arm. The principal instrument of the former is freedom; of the latter, servitude.

—De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835

DURING the turbulent fortnight preceding President Eisenhower's declaration that "a world of open societies" is a major U.S. goal, many voices in the West bemoaned the strategic disadvantages of an open society...

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