President James Monroe's 1823 warning to the Holy Alliance, led by Russia and France, was the voice of a brash new nation, and it served to fence Europe out of Latin America. "We should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portions of this Hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety," said the Monroe Doctrine. In exercise of the pre-eminence that it thus conferred on itself, the U.S. subsequently—and mistakenly, as 1960 sees it—intervened freely in Latin American affairs, by force in seven countries. Last week,...
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