PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF FAMOUS AMERICANS, edited by Norman Kiell. 302 pages. Twayne. $6.
When Robert E. Lee launched 15,000 Confederates against a firmly entrenched Union Army of several times that number at Gettysburg, was he being exceptionally courageous? Or exceptionally foolhardy? Or exceptionally bullheaded (his generals to a man had advised him against a frontal assault)? None of these, according to Psychologist Norman Kiell, an assistant professor at New York's Brooklyn College. He was responding instead to what one study of group psychology called "the early ego identifications of childhood" that exist between...
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