Science: Russian Manhattan Project

When the Russians exploded their first atomic bomb in 1949, many U.S. officials and some scientists expressed public astonishment at Russia's rapid progress in atomic weaponry. The astonishment was based on the general belief that Russia started work on nuclear weapons only after World War II. This is not true, says a recently declassified report by the Rand Corp. of Santa Monica, an outfit which does super-secret long-range research for the Air Force. The Russians started atomic work at about the same time as the U.S., and they were at work during most...

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