As the French ship poked its bow into the Gulf of Tunis, a small, dark-eyed man in red tarboosh and grey business suit stared at the distant mountains and sobbed nervously. Habib Bourguiba, frail, 51-year-old leader of Tunisia's Neo-Destour and father of Tunisian nationalism, was returning in triumph to his country. It was the peak of a lifetime of struggle, over ten years of it spent in exile or French prisons.
A fleet of fishing smacks and steamers erupted from the harbor, each bright with colored balloons and bunting, and from the upturned faces came cheers, whistles, shouts of "Long...