"If it were desired to reduce a man to nothing," wrote Fyodor Dostoevsky in The House of the Dead, ". . . it would be necessary only to give his work a character of uselessness." In the 20th century, such a character of uselessness was, in fact, imposed on much of the work done in American factories and offices. It was not a sudden occurrence; it was the result of a long historical process, sped by typical American haste and thoughtlessness.
The Industrial Revolution, which replaced the tools of the independent workmen...
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