Like the North American Indian be fore him, the Brazilian Indian has had no worse enemy than the white man and the white man's ways. Early Portuguese colonizers and their descendants enslaved natives by the thousands, butchered whole tribes as a warning to others and ruthlessly flogged, tortured or starved any Indian worker who stepped out of line. Brazil's Indian Protection Service, organized in 1911, was supposed to end all that, but the killing continued. The country's Indian population, once in the millions, has now dwindled to a mere 75,000.
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