Criminal Justice: The Unspoken Confession

The three checks were made out to a San Francisco real estate salesman named Frank H. Graves Jr. Soon after Graves cashed them, police asked him to demonstrate his handwriting. Then he was arrested for forging all three checks in the names of fictitious persons. He was not advised of his rights to counsel and silence; nor was he told of his rights later when the police requested nine more samples of his writing—the clinching evidence that convicted him in 1963.

Until last fall, Graves's conviction would have stood like Gibraltar. But...

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