In June it began. All over the Union of South Africa, Negroes and Indians, some boldly but most of them timidly, were defying Jim Crow, boarding "white" buses, stepping up to counters reserved for whites in the post office, refusing to show their passes when accosted by the cops. As a nonviolent civil disobedience campaign, it owed its inspiration to Gandhi but, often, in the background, it owed its guidance to Marx. In the minds of 2,500,000 whites, it stirred fears of what might happen if all of South Africa's usually docile 10...
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