Bombers from Britain gave western Germany and the defending Luftwaffe the hardest pounding of the war. In eight nights the R.A.F. attacked eight times. Its saturation raids fell upon steel and tin mills, munitions works, coal piles and chemical plants in the broken Ruhr, and crews noted that the once-perpetual haze from factory chimneys no longer thickened the night over Germany's industrial valley. Once the night bombers hit the radar works at Friedrichshafen, flew to North Africa over a route free of Nazi fighters, then struck the Italian navy yards at La Spezia on the way home.
The precision bombers...