Lanky Lieut. General Mark Clark of the British-American Fifth Army rode his familiar jeep up to the front again. The Italian autumn rains had eased a bit. The spongy volcanic soil of the Volturno meadows firmed rapidly; it was possible now to drive off the roads. From a forward post the General peered across a calm, river-and ditch-ribbed valley to the German positions.
"There's no place in the world as quiet as a battlefield before a battle," he mused aloud. Later, riding back, he met some field officers. "Hit 'em hard, boys," he said, "damn hard!" His jeep passed a signpost giving...