One bright April day in 1903, Dr. Henry Head of Cambridge University, England went to a surgeon friend and asked him to make a six-and-a-half-inch gash in his upper left arm. Dr. Head, a robust, 42-year-old neurologist, was no masochist. He wanted to learn the connection between nerves and pain. The surgeon severed two nerves in Dr. Head's arm, flexed it at the elbow, put it up in a splint, and left his hand free for testing.
Next morning another colleague began to tickle Dr. Head's hand with cotton wool, fine hairs, hot and cold needles. He marked out the...
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