Indian intellectuals who tuned in to the BBC short-wave radio blinked with surprise. Over the air they were receiving explicit instructions on how to conduct a campaign of passive resistance. After four months of Mohandas Gandhi's nonviolent nonresistance, it seemed to the listeners that the bumbling BBC was carrying coals to Newcastle again. But the BBC was trying to instruct Italians, not Indians, in slowdown technique. The British were carrying coals from India to Italy.
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