Anatomists have long held that white skins are tinted by three pigments: melanin, a black chemical; hemoglobin, a reddish substance which colors the blood; oxyhemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin in combination with oxygen. They also believed that Negroes and Orientals are darker than Caucasians partly because of the presence of some special, unknown pigment in their skins.
To Anatomist Edward Allen Edwards of Harvard and Physicist Seibert Quimby Duntley of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, these theories were only skin-deep. Instead of the naked eye they used a spectrophotometer, a photoelectric device which analyzes skin color by measuring its capacity...
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