The people who created the SAT, back when the letters stood for Scholastic Aptitude Test, thought they had made an exam that measured the pure capacity of students' minds to absorb college material; the SAT was a direct descendant of early IQ tests. So imagine their surprise when one day in the 1950s, a Brooklyn, N.Y., high school principal arrived at the headquarters of the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in Princeton, N.J., bearing the news that a young man named Stanley Kaplan was operating a thriving little business out of his parents' basement coaching students on how to raise their scores...
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