When Seagram bought Polygram in 1998 for $10.6 billion, the French-born
ceo
Alain Levy found himself out of a job. Not for bad performance: Levy had turned PolyGram into the world's largest music company by a combination of organic growth and strategic acquisitions at a time when CD sales were booming. After the company was sold, Levy, then aged 51, spent several years consulting and pondering the state of a changing industry, and quickly concluded that old models for growth were gone. CD sales peaked in 2000, damaging companies bedeviled by piracy and the online trading of free music. Levy...
