Paars death this week, at 85, brought home this contrast with a special poignance. There are plenty of smarties on late-night TV, but in emotional nakedness, in educing unexpected answers from distinguished people, in creating a volatile environment for insomniac entertainment, none of them are up to Paar. Thats another way of saying: he made me nervous. I was in my early teens in Paars heyday (heynight?), and Paars defensive, gently irascible style got on my nerves even as they provided a showcase for his. And in turning post-primetime into a psychodrama with jokes, he made me a compulsive watcher. Bob Newhart, a guest on last nights Larry King tribute to Paar, said of The Tonight Show under Paar: You couldnt afford to miss it, because you never knew what was going to happen.
What was going to happen, you could be sure, was that mercurial Jack would cause a commotion. Granted, that was easier to do in the buttoned-down 50s. Remember what Murray Kempton wrote of John Lindsay — that he is fresh and everyone else is tired? Well, Paar was jittery when everyone else was calm. If people talked about him at a coffee break each morning, and millions did, its partly because hed acted as if Paar had consumed too much coffee the night before.
UP TO PAAR
Hed been in radio for decades. He entertained troops during the war. He got an RKO contract and proved himself an affable supporting player in comedies (including Love Happy, opposite the young Marilyn Monroe). He was a summer replacement for Jack Benny. On TV, hed been the host of CBS perennially cursed morning show. For two decades, his career movements were crablike, sidewise. But he did well as a substitute host for Steve Allen, whod hosted The Tonight Show since 1954, and NBC picked Paar to replace Allen in 1957.
Many of the elegies for Paar suggest he worked in a vacuum, created the talk-show format. This is nonsense. It does not diminish his contribution a jot to mention David Susskind, whose Open End filled Sunday nights with earnest, erudite conversation; Mike Wallace, who grilled luminaries like the Grand Kleagle of the Ku Klux Klan on his local, then national interview show; and especially Steve Allen.
Steverino, as I wrote here when Allen died in 2000, was the undisputed father of the modern talk show. The earliest episodes of Allens stint established a format that has varied hardly at all in The Tonight Show or most any other late-night talkfest: the theme song, the bantering band leader, the announcer, the opening monologue, the hosts desk and the guests couch, the featured spots for singers and comics. These were not innovations; the variety format was long established in radio, and hosts like Arthur Godfrey had successfully transplanted it to TV. But Allen tweaked it with an audience-participation routine before the first guest spot — hed play Stump the Band, or sit at the piano and invent a song from words suggested by the audience. He did remotes from outside the theater: the Man on the Street interviews that later became treasured schtick with his own comedy troupe. And when he wasnt being funny, he could be resolutely serious; he occasionally devoted entire evenings to one guest (Carl Sandburg) or discussion of one topic (civil rights).
PAAR VALUE
The Steve Allen Tonight Show had everything Paar and his successors had. (In fact, it had more — Paar dropped the skits and, I believe, Stump the Band.) What it didnt have was Paar. He was what was different about his Tonight Show. In place of Allens team of second bananas (Tom Poston, Louis Nye, Don Knotts, Dayton Allen), Paar developed a kind of rep company of guests: actors Cliff Arquette, Hans Conreid, Dody Goodman, Peggy Cass and Betty White, comedy writer Selma Diamond, party maven Elsa Maxwell, theater and cabaret personality Hermione Gingold, the chaunteuse Genevieve, pianist-misanthrope Oscar Levant. Paar booked guests for his show as you might invite guests to your home. His regulars were bright friends with beguiling personalities and good stories, not stars with a movie to push. (You can find many of these antique celebrities in a 1998 Paar video collection called As I Was Saying — if you can find it. The amazon.com link says the tape usually ships within 1 to 2 months!)
Paars popularity was wonderfully contagious. Unknown raconteurs, when allowed to shine in Paars spotlight, became best-selling writers: Alexander King with Mine Enemy Grows Older, Jack Douglas with My Brother Was an Only Child and Cliff Arquette, whose down-homey Charley Weaver character generated Letters from Mamma. One more: Paar himself. His I Kid You Not was another best-seller. Paars secret was: Dont make it an interview. Make it a conversation. Interviews have clipboards. With a segment slot of 12 to 15 mins. instead of the five or six on a modern talk show, Paar had the chance to relax his guests (who were much less schooled in the TV interview because there were so few venues for it). His interview method was to coax rather than pummel. Lets take it easy, his manner suggested; we have all night. Only in his monologues and asides was his agitated, anguished, aggrieved — the famous, notorious Paar.
PAAR AVION
Steve Allen would go outside the studio for his Man on the Street interviews and other mid-Manhattan japery. Paar went out of the country. He flew to Cuba after the Batista overthrow to see what this new bearded guy, Fidel Castro, was really like. He did a show from Hawaii after that island territory had become Americas 50th state in 1959. Two years later the Soviets erected a wall to separate East from West Berlin — and Paar had to be there, whatever the State Department thought of his ambassadorial ambitions. But the most adventurous flights were to the interior of that strange continent known as Jack Paar. that strange land side the hosts roiling mind and heart. He sat behind a desk while his guests took the couch — theyd bump one another down the divan as new ones arrived, still encouraged to join in the conversation.
But, really, he should have been there in a way, because the show was his couch, the camera his shrink. In a decade when psychoanalysis was all the rage, and navel-gazing an epidemic, Paar paraded his neuroses, nearly nine hours each week, for his audience of 7 million. Though he famously said, It is almost impossible to dislike me because I do nothing, he did do something: he worried in public. His talent was fretting. With a soft, spaniel face that would have typecast him as the jilted lover if hed stayed in movies longer, Paar was a world-class worrier.
And his gift for intimacy, combined with a brazen belief that his private thoughts would be more fascinating to his audience than embarrassing to himself, led Paar to confessional ecstasies. Sometimes they involved his wife Miriam (to whom he was married for 60 years) or his pre-teen daughter Randy; his monologue about the 10-year-olds first training bra cued a predictable storm of oohs and ughs. I also remember his prudish castigation of the New York Times Sunday Magazine for running what he considered to be soft-core pornography, in the form of crotch shot lingerie ads.
If Paar was a good friend to the actors, comics and writers he made famous, he was an even better, bitter enemy to those he picked fights with. New York columnists Walter Winchell and Dorothy Kilgallen were two of his targets. About Winchell, the one-time liberal who later took his Commie-hunting marching orders from J. Edgar Hoover, Paar said he wore the American flag like a bathrobe. To guests on his show, he was typically affable, not not always. Dick Cavett, who wrote gags for Paar (including the hosts famous introduction of a bosomy movie star: Here they are, Jayne Mansfield), recalled on Larry Kings show that Paar had taken a disliking to the comic Fat Jack Leonard. He let Leonard bake in his silence, until Fat Jack finally said, You know, my wife is an acrobat. Paars quick and fatal riposte: Shed have to be.
PAAR CHEESY
Cavett, who in the 70s ran the one talk show that echoed Paar in his wide-ranging, highbrow mode (the program started on ABC, wound up on PBS), wrote a reminiscence of his old boss in Thursday's New York Times. I asked Jack once, Whats the formula for how to handle things when you dont like a guest? He said: You think of it as what you would do in real life. Smile, be nice and then suddenly kick em under the table.
But I remember a time when two guests on consecutive nights got under Paars skin. He was nice to them but kicked em after theyd gone. It was early 1962, and William F. Buckley, Jr., came on to trumpet, in his drawling mandarin fashion, the new conservatism. The following night the guest was Gore Vidal, Buckleys mirror image on the Left, who poured the sour syrup of his Olympian contempt on the Yalie. Both were 36, both full of opinions and themselves, both master debaters, and both unafraid of making enemies to make a point — a tactic anathema in that timid age, when seeming to be like the average viewer was the first and most important step to be liked by him. Anyway, they provided two nights of terrific television. In the post-mortem, a befuddled Paar asked Downs what he thought. Downs, avatar of the complacent Center, described a circle with his finger and proclaimed that the far Right and the far Left bent so far that they eventually met.
Complacency had the last word, at least on the show. Yet Buckleys appearance marked his media coming of age and hyped the circulation of his magazine, National Review, when he wrote about the Paar encounter. (I bought that issue, my first, and four years later I was writing movie reviews for it. Thanks, Jack.) And Vidal continued to find TV outlets for his elegant fulminations. It wasnt till 1968, on the floor of the fractious Democratic convention, that the two finally came face to face; and the colloquy was as civilized as youd expect. Buckley to Vidal: Now listen, you queer, stop calling me a crypto-nazi or Ill sock you in your Goddamn face and youll stay plastered. ABC caught, and aired, it all.
PAAR BOILED
Rude language occasionally found a home on 60s talk TV. In a November 1962 prime-time Paar show, Jonathan Winters made light mockery of fellow guest Bette Davis laryngitis, to which the great star bantered, You go to hell. And I could swear (though not in court) that when Jefferson Airplane played We Can Be Together on Cavetts ABC show in 1969 or so, Grace Slicks clear enunciation of the line Up against the wall, motherfucker made it past the snoozing censors and onto the air.
Paar, like playwrights and screenwriters of the time, mostly toyed with innuendo. Comedy back then was suggestive, not subversive, and coy, not confrontational. On Wednesday, February 10, 1960, he told an anecdote (I believe a viewer had sent it in) in which the phrase water closet, or toilet, was confused with wayside chapel. For the record, heres the routine, which can be found on the TV Acres website:
An English lady, while visiting Switzerland, was looking for a room, and she asked the schoolmaster if he could recommend any to her. He took her to see several rooms, and when everything was settled, the lady returned to her home to make the final preparations to move. When she arrived home, the thought suddenly occurred to her that she had not seen a W.C. around the place. So she immediately wrote a note to the schoolmaster asking him if there were a W.C. around. The schoolmaster was a very poor student of English, so he asked the parish priest if he could help in the matter. Together they tried to discover the meaning of the letters W.C., and the only solution they could find for the letters was letters was a Wayside Chapel.
The schoolmaster then wrote to the English lady the following note: Dear Madam: I take great pleasure in informing you that the W.C. is situated nine miles from the house you occupy, in the center of a beautiful grove of pine trees surrounded by lovely grounds. It is capable of holding 229 people and it is open on Sunday and Thursday only. As there are a great number of people and they are expected during the summer months, I would suggest that you come early: although there is plenty of standing room as a rule. You will no doubt be glad to hear that a good number of people bring their lunch and make a day of it. While others who can afford to go by car arrive just in time. I would especially recommend that your ladyship go on Thursday when there is a musical accompaniment. It may interest you to know that my daughter was married in the W.C. and it was there that she met her husband. I can remember the rush there was for seats. There were ten people to a seat ordinarily occupied by one. It was wonderful to see the expression on their faces. The newest attraction is a bell donated by a wealthy resident of the district. It rings every time a person enters. A bazaar is to be held to provide plush seats for all the people, since they feel it is a long felt need. My wife is rather delicate, so she cant attend regularly. I shall be delighted to reserve the best seat for you if you wish, where you will be seen by all. For the children, there is a special time and place so that they will not disturb the elders. Hoping to have been of service to you, I remain, Sincerely, The Schoolmaster.
Paar might not have thought twice about the ecclesiastico-scatological implications of the story, but the NBC censors did, and, without informing their star, they cut the three minutes from the broadcast. The following night Paar appeared at the start of the show, and announced: Ive been up 30 hours without an ounce of sleep wrestling with my conscience all day. Ive made a decision about what Im going to do. Im leaving The Tonight Show. There must be a better way to make a living than this, a way of entertaining people without being constantly involved in some form of controversy. I love NBC, and theyve been wonderful to me. But they let me down. And he walked off, leaving a flummoxed Hugh Downs to carry on. In his absence, Orson Bean was the substitute host.
Paar returned three-and-a-half weeks later, on Monday, March 7th. He walked onstage, struck a Jack Benny pose and opened with: as I was saying before I was interrupted... The thunderclap of laughter and applause finally died down, and he made a totally Paar apology: When I walked off, I said there must be a better way of making a living. Well, Ive looked, and there isnt. Be it ever so humble, theres no place like Radio City. Leaving the show was a childish and perhaps emotional thing. I have been guilty of such action in the past and will perhaps be again. Im totally unable to hide what I feel. It is not an asset in show business. But I shall do the best I can to amuse and entertain you and let other people speak freely, as I have in the past. Any who are maligned will find this show a place to come and tell their story. There will be a rock in every snowball and I plan to continue exactly what I started out to do. I hope you will find it interesting. We did. I did.
PAAR FOR THE COURSE
In May 1962 he deserted the late-night slot for the less onerous duties of a weekly prime-time show, Fridays at 10. Carson had been an occasional substitute for Paar, and NBC hired to fill the slot. But because Johnnys contract as host of the ABC daytime game show Who Do You Trust? didnt expire till the fall, the network put other hosts, including Merv Griffin, behind the desk. (Mervs smart showing there got him a daytime chat show, whose geniality continues today in the Ellen DeGeneris talkathon.) Why did Paar he leave? Ive never really had a good answer to that, said the man more comfortable asking questions than answering them. But five years was a long time in early TV, especially early late-night. Steve Allen had moved up to prime time after just three years running The Tonight Show. It was Carson who made the late-night slot a life appointment: 29 years. (Leno and Conan OBrien have been at it 12 years, Letterman twice that long.) Recall too that, back in the day, Paar went from 11:15 to 1 a.m. When you factor in shorter commercial breaks, thats twice as much air time per week as the new boys have to fill.
The Jack Paar Program, Paars weekly skein, dispensed with the couch. Now the guests sat in individual chairs, with a stand-up mike to the side of each. The celebs were tonier, and often from politics. Paar had interviewed John Kennedy as a candidate in 1960; now brother Robert, the Attorney General, was on to talk about Dave Beck, the thief Teamsters boss. Richard Nixon, his political career apparently over after losing the California governors race (You wont have Nixon to kick around any more), was asked if Kennedy was defeatable in 1964, and Nixon replied, Which Kennedy? He couldnt have known that John would be assassinated within the year, or that in 1968 he would be deprived of running against Robert for President because of another assassins bullet.
Paars profligate curiosity led him into unexpected side streets. He was no lover of rock n roll; though Steve Allen had booked Elvis Presley, Paars musical guests were invariably smooth thrushes and crooners. But on a 1963 visit to England he had noted the popularity of a certain rock quartet, and in January 1964 his sociological curiosity led him to introduce the Beatles to his audience. The clip, which he had bought from the BBC, showed the group singing She Loves You. It was the first time the Fab Fours act had been seen on U.S. network TV. (They appeared live on The Ed Sullivan Show a month later — an event whose 40th anniversary we will celebrate in this column.)
Someone who invested so much emotional energy in his performance, who flayed himself to make better television — this hot wire in a cool medium — could never stay the long course. He later said that he had said everything he wanted to say, met everyone hed wanted to meet. So at the end of his last Jack Paar Program in May 1965 he summoned his pet German Shepherd (who took a few disconcerting moments to heed his masters command), started to walk offstage, came back and picked up his trademark stool and ambled into early retirement in the home for TV legends. Oh yes, legend. For Jack set a standard that seems even loftier today, when nobody would basically ad-lib his way through a long night of television. His fans would remember him as the fellow who split talk show history into two eras: Before Paar and Below Paar.